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John Silas "Jack" Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 17, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and socialist activist, best remembered for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, ''Ten Days That Shook the World''. He was married to writer and feminist Louise Bryant. Reed died in Russia in 1920, and was buried at the Kremlin Wall Necropolis, one of only two Americans to have been given this honor in Russia. ==Early life== John Reed was born on October 22, 1887, in his maternal grandmother's mansion in Portland, Oregon, with Chinese servants〔Granville Hicks with John Stuart, ''John Reed: The Making of a Revolutionary.'' New York: Macmillan, 1936. Page 1.〕 in today's Goose Hollow neighborhood. He wrote of paying a nickel to a "Goose Hollowite" (young toughs in a gang in the working-class neighborhood below King's Hill) to keep from being beaten up. A memorial bench overlooks the site of Reed's birthplace in Washington Park His mother, Margaret Green Reed, was the daughter of a leading Portland citizen who had made a fortune through three enterprises: as owner of the first gas works in Oregon, owner of the first pig iron smelter on the west coast, and as second owner of the Portland water works.〔Hicks with Stuart, ''John Reed,'' p. 2.〕 John's father, Charles Jerome Reed, was the representative of an agricultural machinery manufacturer who had come to town from the East. With his ready wit, he quickly won acceptance in Portland’s business community.〔Eric Homberger, ''John Reed.'' Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990. Pages 7-8.〕 The family's wealth came from the Green side, not the Eastern-transplanted Reed side. His parents were married in 1886. A sickly child, young "Jack" grew up surrounded by nurses and servants, and his upper-class playmates were carefully selected. His brother, Harry, was two years younger.〔Homberger, ''John Reed,'' p. 8.〕 Jack and his brother were sent to the recently established Portland Academy, a private school.〔Homberger, ''John Reed,'' p. 9〕 Jack was bright enough to pass his courses but could not be bothered to work for top marks, as he found school dry and tedious.〔Hicks with Stuart, ''John Reed,'' p. 7.〕 In September 1904, Jack was sent to Morristown School in New Jersey to prepare for college as his father, who never attended a university, wanted his sons to go to Harvard.〔Michael Munk, (John Reed ), marxists.org. Accessed November 4, 2007.〕 At this prep school, Jack continued his track record of poor classroom performance, although he did make the football team and showed literary promise.〔Hornberger, ''John Reed,'' p. 12.〕 Reed failed in his first attempt on the admission exam but passed on his second try and in the fall of 1906 he entered Harvard College.〔Homberger, ''John Reed,'' p. 15.〕 Tall, handsome, and light-hearted, he threw himself into all manner of student activities. He was a member of the cheerleading team, the swimming team, and the dramatic club. He served on the editorial boards of the ''Lampoon'' and ''The Harvard Monthly'' and as president of the Harvard Glee Club. In 1910 he held the position of κροκόδιλος in the Hasty Pudding Theatricals and also wrote music and lyrics for their show ''Diana's Debut''. Reed failed to make the Harvard teams for football and crew, but excelled in other sports of lesser prestige, swimming and water polo.〔Homberger, ''John Reed,'' p. 16.〕 He was also made Ivy orator and poet in his senior year of college. Reed also attended meetings of the Socialist Club, over which his friend Walter Lippmann presided, but he never joined. Still, the club left its impact on his psyche. The group had social legislation introduced into the state legislature, attacked the university for failing to pay its servants living wages, and petitioned the administration for the establishment of a course in Socialism.〔Hicks with Stuart, ''John Reed,'' page 33.〕 Reed later recalled: All this made no ostensible difference in the look of Harvard society, and probably the club-men and the athletes, who represented us to the world, never even heard of it. But it made me, and many others, realize that there was something going on in the dull outside world more thrilling than college activities, and turned our attention to the writings of men like H.G. Wells and Graham Wallas, wrenching us away from the Oscar Wildian dilettantism which had possessed undergraduate litterateurs for generations.〔Quoted in Hicks with Stuart, ''John Reed,'' p. 33.〕 Reed graduated from Harvard College in 1910, and that summer he set out to see more of the "dull outside world," visiting England, France, and Spain before returning home to America the following spring.〔Hicks with Stuart, ''John Reed,'' p. 51.〕 Reed chose to work for his fare to Europe on a cattle boat and experience the way of a common laborer. Reed's traveling was encouraged by his favorite professor, Charles Townsend Copeland or "Copey", who told him he must "see life" if he wanted to successfully write about it. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Reed (journalist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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